Light is one of the most important factors regulating the growth and development of plants.
Sun damage affects plants in general and particularly in areas with high solar radiation and elevated temperatures.
The harmful UV-b wavelength ranges from 280-320 nm, with UV-a also present between 330-400 nm, minimally absorbed by O3, thus reaching the Earth's surface in greater quantities, constituting an important photomorphogenic signal in plants and being the least harmful of all. There is also UBV-c, between 200-280 nm, which is the most energetic and damaging to DNA, but because it is mostly absorbed by atmospheric oxygen (O2) and ozone (O3), it practically does not reach the Earth's surface.
Solar radiation produces two types of processes: Energetic and Morphogenic.
UV radiation comprises UV-a, UV-b, and UV-c, accounting for 0.6% of the total radiation, which also includes visible light and infrared rays.
Effects of UV-b radiation:
It damages the morphology and anatomy of plants, as well as metabolic and photochemical processes. It also affects secondary metabolisms.
There are other spectra of UV-a and blue radiations that constitute more energetic electromagnetic sources utilized by plants.
Red and far-red radiation act on the photosynthetic system and the genetic control system of development.
Excessive infrared radiation causes dehydration and death of the plant.
Protection against solar irradiation damage is crucial for safety and should be done without causing harm by using unsuitable compounds (which leave residues that are difficult to wash or cause damage such as "pitting," etc.).
