GLU-LINE

GLU-Zn(Gluconate of Zinc)

GLU-Zn: Correcting Zinc Deficiencies

GLU-Zn addresses deficiencies in zinc (Zn), a crucial micronutrient essential for various metabolic activities and structural components within plants. Zinc serves as a constituent of enzymes and proteins involved in diverse metabolic processes. It plays a pivotal role in regulating the metabolism of natural hormones responsible for growth, such as auxins and gibberellins, and acts as an inducer of auxin activity. Furthermore, it stimulates auxin production by increasing the levels of tryptophan, a vital precursor of acetic acid.

Zinc is indispensable for maintaining adequate levels of gibberellins in plants and is integral to the synthesis of chlorophyll, thereby playing a crucial role in photosynthesis. Additionally, it is vital for regulating stomatal opening functions and contributes to nitrogen metabolism, pigment formation, and ascorbic acid generation.

Moreover, zinc is a constituent of the RNA polymerase enzyme, which catalyzes RNA synthesis and is pivotal for protein generation and ribosomal stability. Zinc also plays a critical role in the plant's defense mechanisms, including defense against UV radiation and pathogens such as Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, among others. Its influence extends to mitigating issues like citrus blight.

In agricultural settings, zinc enhances flowering, fruit and seed generation, and is crucial for pollen production. Deficiencies in zinc are widespread across various crops and soil types, impacting essential grains like rice, wheat, and corn, as well as fruits, vegetables, and other crop varieties.

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GLU-CaB

GLU-CaB: Calcium and Boron Nutrient Complex

GLU-CaB is a nutrient blend containing calcium and boron, forming a complex with gluconate that ensures a balanced supply of components. This complex enhances the assimilation of each element, rectifies deficiencies, and prevents malformations, premature fruit drop, and necrosis along leaf edges. Examples include addressing issues like "bitter pit" in apple and pear trees, apical decay in various vegetables, and general fruit rotting.

Application of GLU-CaB reinforces vegetable cell walls, bolstering the plant's resilience against diverse adverse factors, both biotic and abiotic. Additionally, calcium serves as a growth stimulant for root hairs and roots themselves.

In plants, calcium is distributed in leaves, stems/plumules, and roots, with seeds containing a lesser amount. Most absorbed calcium resides in cell walls, stimulating cellular response to microbial products (elicitors) and reducing the prevalence of various plant pathogens. Examples include mitigating grapevine "oidium" (Uncinula necátor), coffee "cock's eye" (Mycena citricolor), and Sclerotium rolfsii in carrots, as well as Phytophthora cinnamoni in avocados and Phytophthora nicotiana in citrus.

Boron plays a structural role in plant cell walls, particularly in pectin formation, and suppresses pathogens. Although the exact mechanism of boron's suppressive action is not fully understood, its efficacy is evident in combating pathogens such as Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in cauliflower, Plasmodiophora brassicae in brassica species, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in tomatoes, and "yellow rust" in wheat (Puccinia striiformis).

Furthermore, it's presumed that at proper concentrations, boron can be toxic to certain pathogens. The combination of calcium and boron provides structural integrity and is vital in defending against both biotic and abiotic adversities.

Deficiencies in zinc are widespread across various crops and soil types, affecting essential grains like rice, wheat, and corn, as well as fruits, vegetables, and other crop varieties.

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GLU-K

GLU-K: Liquid Potassium Nutrient

GLU-K is a liquid nutrient containing readily available potassium without any usage limitations or harmful salts. Potassium is essential for the generation of sugars, starches, and protein synthesis. It also aids in regulating water balance and conferring resistance to adverse factors.

This nutrient strongly stimulates protein synthesis and is suitable for all crops. As an organic fertilizer, it is generally recognized as safe (GRAS). GLU-K can be applied via foliar application or through fertigation, and its use prevents energy losses associated with other potassium-based fertilizers.

Being a liquid organic fertilizer, GLU-K provides rapid availability of nutrients to plants, enhancing structural strength in both plants and roots while retaining nutrients at the soil base. Its water-soluble nature ensures complete absorption, and the sugar content not only aids in potassium absorption but also improves soil microflora.

GLU-K's action stimulates photosynthesis and the enzymatic system in plants, thereby enhancing overall crop condition and resistance to adverse factors.

Deficiencies in zinc are widespread across various crops and soil types, impacting essential grains like rice, wheat, and corn, as well as fruits, vegetables, and other crop varieties.

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GLU-Mn

Manganese Corrector obtained through Aspergillus Niger Fermentation

This product is derived from fermentation with a high-purity strain of Aspergillus Niger, ensuring the absence of fermentation impurities.

Addressing Manganese Deficiencies

This substance serves as a corrective measure for manganese deficiencies, a critical micronutrient for plants. Its mechanism involves the metabolic activation of processes associated with enzymes and enzyme cofactors in plants. These processes regulate plant growth, fortify defensive systems against both abiotic and biotic factors, and promote overall plant development.

Absorption and Transportation

Manganese is absorbed in its bivalent form (+2) and is transported through the xylem and phloem, either in this form or in a solution with organic acids.

Key Role in Plant Enzyme Systems

Manganese plays a pivotal role in plant enzyme systems. Its activation, such as that of the Mn-isoenzyme operating in mitochondria, safeguards against oxygen radical damage (Bower et al., 1992).

Promoting Energy Absorption and Enzyme Activation

Manganese is crucial for energy absorption, particularly in the electron transfer process within thylakoids, facilitated by enzymes like the Mn-complex. This process is essential for the Hill reaction during photosynthesis. Moreover, manganese serves as a cofactor for numerous enzymes and influences the biosynthesis of aromatic compounds vital for plants, such as flavonoids.

Reduction of Pathogens

Glu-Mn reduces the intensity of pathogenic fungi and bacteria by enhancing their availability, as observed in cases like Gaeumannomyces graminis ('take all') in cereals.

Versatile Application

This substance serves as an efficient source of manganese for cultivation, characterized by its efficacy, absence of undesirable side effects, and minimal energy expenditure.

Applications

It finds application in various crops including vegetables, fruit trees, citrus fruits, cereals, ornamentals, and sugar cane.

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GLU-Cu(Copper Gluconate)

Glu-Cu: Copper Deficiency Corrector and Essential Nutrient

Glu-Cu serves as a corrector for copper deficiencies and is an essential nutrient containing a compound of proteins, including plastocyanines, peroxidases, and multi-proteins. It enhances the plant's immune system and intervenes in various enzymatic systems involved in the production of phytoalexins and lignin. Moreover, it plays a significant role in essential processes such as photosynthesis and respiration.

This complex is easily assimilated due to gluconic acid, posing no risk of phytotoxicity or unnecessary accumulation in the soil. It boasts rapid and efficient assimilation rates and is biodegradable, leaving no residues, making it suitable for application on various soil types and as a foliar spray.

Glu-Cu energizes crops, promoting fruit formation in fruit trees and spike growth in grasses. Copper functions in enzymatic processes, catalyzing various reactions in plant enzymes. It's a component of key proteins like plastocyanines, which facilitate electron transfer, peroxidases that convert monophenol to diphenol, and multi-Cu proteins acting as oxidases. Cytochrome oxidase, containing Cu-Fe, catalyzes the final oxidation step in mitochondria.

The absence of copper inhibits plant growth. Copper's antimicrobial and antifungal properties are well-recognized due to its direct toxicity, but it also enhances plant resistance and affects pathogen virulence.

Glu-Cu is widely utilized in organic agriculture.

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GLU-Mg

GLU-Mg: Magnesium Deficiency Corrector

GLU-Mg is designed to address magnesium deficiencies, crucial for chlorophyll molecules and considered essential for plant and enzyme function.

Magnesium serves as a vital component of chlorophyll and participates in the carboxylase reaction of photosynthesis, acting as a co-enzyme in CO2 fixation.

As a bivalent cation, magnesium helps maintain cation-anion balance, regulates pH, and adjusts plant cell turgor.

Approximately 5 to 10% of magnesium is bound to pectate, constituting a structural element of cell walls.

The remainder of magnesium, not bound in structures like chlorophyll and cell walls, is highly mobile within the plant and easily moves between old and young tissues and leaves, including grains and fruits. This mobility is why visual symptoms of magnesium deficiency are often first detected in the oldest leaves.

Insufficient magnesium supply inhibits energy transfer during starch synthesis, impacting energy-dependent processes such as starch degradation in older leaves. This affects tissue growth and carbohydrate transportation to demanding sites like fruits, grains, and roots.

Magnesium is also a component of ribosomes and plays a role in protein synthesis.

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ALL PRODUCTS OF THE GLU LINE ACT BY ADDING ENERGY TO THE CROPS WHERE THEY ARE APPLIED.

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